(1) The prevalence of nectarines in US supermarkets today is directly related to the company started by two unrelated men who shared a last name, an inventive bent, and a drive to succeed. (2) Moving from Korea to the United States in 1914, Ho "Charles" Kim founded the Kim Brothers trucking company in California in 1921 with his friend Harry Kim. (3) Much of the freight their trucks carried in the early years were fruit grown in the San Joaquin valley. (4) Kim Brothers soon expanded to include nurseries, orchards, and fruit-packing sheds. (5) Eventually the operation became a major employer, providing year-round jobs for about two hundred people and up to four hundred part-time jobs during harvest season coming after growing season.
(6) Kim Brothers succeeded even in the face of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 30s because the company produced and sold the first commercially viable nectarines. (7) The nectarine is a hybrid fruit. (8) It combines peach and plum, with the taste and texture of the former and the smooth skin of the latter. (9) With the help of a staff horticulturalist, Kim Brothers developed and patented the "fuzzless peach" known as the Sun Grand nectarine. (10) Though not the first nectarine—the fruit had existed in China for two millennia; the Sun Grand was unique in being hardy enough to ship great distances.
(11) By the 1960s, Kim Brothers included more than five hundred acres of farmland and grossed more than $1 million annually. (12) Charles and Harry Kim were eventually recognized as the first millionaires of Korean descent. (13) They were also known for giving back to their community.
(14) Charles was also instrumental in helping to create Los Angeles's Koreatown (home today to more Koreans than any place other than North and South Korea).
Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?
Much of the freight their trucks carried in the early years were fruit grown in the San Joaquin valley.
(1) The prevalence of nectarines in US supermarkets today is directly related to the company started by two unrelated men who shared a last name, an inventive bent, and a drive to succeed. (2) Moving from Korea to the United States in 1914, Ho "Charles" Kim founded the Kim Brothers trucking company in California in 1921 with his friend Harry Kim. (3) Much of the freight their trucks carried in the early years were fruit grown in the San Joaquin valley. (4) Kim Brothers soon expanded to include nurseries, orchards, and fruit-packing sheds. (5) Eventually the operation became a major employer, providing year-round jobs for about two hundred people and up to four hundred part-time jobs during harvest season coming after growing season.
(6) Kim Brothers succeeded even in the face of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 30s because the company produced and sold the first commercially viable nectarines. (7) The nectarine is a hybrid fruit. (8) It combines peach and plum, with the taste and texture of the former and the smooth skin of the latter. (9) With the help of a staff horticulturalist, Kim Brothers developed and patented the "fuzzless peach" known as the Sun Grand nectarine. (10) Though not the first nectarine—the fruit had existed in China for two millennia; the Sun Grand was unique in being hardy enough to ship great distances.
(11) By the 1960s, Kim Brothers included more than five hundred acres of farmland and grossed more than $1 million annually. (12) Charles and Harry Kim were eventually recognized as the first millionaires of Korean descent. (13) They were also known for giving back to their community.
(14) Charles was also instrumental in helping to create Los Angeles's Koreatown (home today to more Koreans than any place other than North and South Korea).
Which is the best decision regarding the underlined portion of sentence 5 (reproduced below)?
Eventually the operation became a major employer, providing year-round jobs for about two hundred people and up to four hundred part-time jobs during harvest season coming after growing season.
(1) The prevalence of nectarines in US supermarkets today is directly related to the company started by two unrelated men who shared a last name, an inventive bent, and a drive to succeed. (2) Moving from Korea to the United States in 1914, Ho "Charles" Kim founded the Kim Brothers trucking company in California in 1921 with his friend Harry Kim. (3) Much of the freight their trucks carried in the early years were fruit grown in the San Joaquin valley. (4) Kim Brothers soon expanded to include nurseries, orchards, and fruit-packing sheds. (5) Eventually the operation became a major employer, providing year-round jobs for about two hundred people and up to four hundred part-time jobs during harvest season coming after growing season.
(6) Kim Brothers succeeded even in the face of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 30s because the company produced and sold the first commercially viable nectarines. (7) The nectarine is a hybrid fruit. (8) It combines peach and plum, with the taste and texture of the former and the smooth skin of the latter. (9) With the help of a staff horticulturalist, Kim Brothers developed and patented the "fuzzless peach" known as the Sun Grand nectarine. (10) Though not the first nectarine—the fruit had existed in China for two millennia; the Sun Grand was unique in being hardy enough to ship great distances.
(11) By the 1960s, Kim Brothers included more than five hundred acres of farmland and grossed more than $1 million annually. (12) Charles and Harry Kim were eventually recognized as the first millionaires of Korean descent. (13) They were also known for giving back to their community.
(14) Charles was also instrumental in helping to create Los Angeles's Koreatown (home today to more Koreans than any place other than North and South Korea).
Which is the most logical placement for sentence 7 (reproduced below)?
The nectarine is a hybrid fruit.
A. Where it is now B. After sentence 3 C. After sentence 10 D. After sentence 11
(1) The prevalence of nectarines in US supermarkets today is directly related to the company started by two unrelated men who shared a last name, an inventive bent, and a drive to succeed. (2) Moving from Korea to the United States in 1914, Ho "Charles" Kim founded the Kim Brothers trucking company in California in 1921 with his friend Harry Kim. (3) Much of the freight their trucks carried in the early years were fruit grown in the San Joaquin valley. (4) Kim Brothers soon expanded to include nurseries, orchards, and fruit-packing sheds. (5) Eventually the operation became a major employer, providing year-round jobs for about two hundred people and up to four hundred part-time jobs during harvest season coming after growing season.
(6) Kim Brothers succeeded even in the face of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 30s because the company produced and sold the first commercially viable nectarines. (7) The nectarine is a hybrid fruit. (8) It combines peach and plum, with the taste and texture of the former and the smooth skin of the latter. (9) With the help of a staff horticulturalist, Kim Brothers developed and patented the "fuzzless peach" known as the Sun Grand nectarine. (10) Though not the first nectarine—the fruit had existed in China for two millennia; the Sun Grand was unique in being hardy enough to ship great distances.
(11) By the 1960s, Kim Brothers included more than five hundred acres of farmland and grossed more than $1 million annually. (12) Charles and Harry Kim were eventually recognized as the first millionaires of Korean descent. (13) They were also known for giving back to their community.
(14) Charles was also instrumental in helping to create Los Angeles's Koreatown (home today to more Koreans than any place other than North and South Korea).
Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
Though not the first nectarine—the fruit had existed in China for two millennia; the Sun Grand was unique in being hardy enough to ship great distances.
(1) The prevalence of nectarines in US supermarkets today is directly related to the company started by two unrelated men who shared a last name, an inventive bent, and a drive to succeed. (2) Moving from Korea to the United States in 1914, Ho "Charles" Kim founded the Kim Brothers trucking company in California in 1921 with his friend Harry Kim. (3) Much of the freight their trucks carried in the early years were fruit grown in the San Joaquin valley. (4) Kim Brothers soon expanded to include nurseries, orchards, and fruit-packing sheds. (5) Eventually the operation became a major employer, providing year-round jobs for about two hundred people and up to four hundred part-time jobs during harvest season coming after growing season.
(6) Kim Brothers succeeded even in the face of the Great Depression of the 1920s and 30s because the company produced and sold the first commercially viable nectarines. (7) The nectarine is a hybrid fruit. (8) It combines peach and plum, with the taste and texture of the former and the smooth skin of the latter. (9) With the help of a staff horticulturalist, Kim Brothers developed and patented the "fuzzless peach" known as the Sun Grand nectarine. (10) Though not the first nectarine—the fruit had existed in China for two millennia; the Sun Grand was unique in being hardy enough to ship great distances.
(11) By the 1960s, Kim Brothers included more than five hundred acres of farmland and grossed more than $1 million annually. (12) Charles and Harry Kim were eventually recognized as the first millionaires of Korean descent. (13) They were also known for giving back to their community.
(14) Charles was also instrumental in helping to create Los Angeles's Koreatown (home today to more Koreans than any place other than North and South Korea).
Sentence 13 is reproduced below.
They were also known for giving back to their community.
The writer is considering adding the following text at the end of the sentence.
by building churches, funding scholarships, and establishing the Korean Association of Southern California
Should the writer make this addition there?
(1) In the Sahara, near the border of Morocco and Algeria, a new species of spider, Cebrennus rechenbergi, has been found. (2) These spiders don't simply scurry across the sand on their many legs, like tumbling gymnasts, they propel themselves forward (or backward) in a series of quick flips. (3) They do this, however, only to elude predators, not to chase prey. (4) A human is thus unlikely ever to see these arachnids flipping toward him or her, only away.
(5) A spider of this species was discovered in the Erg Chebbi. (6) It is a sandy desert in southeastern Morocco. (7) A German robotics researcher who makes yearly treks to the region to study how desert creatures thrive in that climate caught one of the spiders and brought it back to his caravan.
(8) The next morning, he was amazed to see the creature try to escape by flipping itself quickly away. (9) The researcher turned the spider over to an arachnid specialist for identification.
(10) Ultimately, the spider was determined to be a member of a previously unknown species.
(11) C. rechenbergi are "huntsman spiders"—skilled predators—found only in the Erg Chebbi. (12) They are nocturnal creatures; during the day, they rest in tubes of silken thread they weave into the sand.
(13) Agile and athletic, C. rechenbergi rear up on their back legs and lash out when attacked—or it somersaults away, rolling like tumbleweed.
(14) Few spiders propel themselves as C. rechenbergi do, and none do so as comprehensively. (15) Golden rolling spiders of Namibia, for instance, can tumble, but they do so only using gravity to roll downhill.
(16) C. rechenbergi, by contrast, elude predators by rolling uphill, downhill, or on flat ground. (17) Their reproductive organs distinguish them from other Cebrennus spiders. (18) While these spiders run only 3.3 feet per second, they can tumble at 6.6 feet per second. (19) Even if this speedy escape method proves effective, however, it can be costly: tumbling away too many times a day will ultimately exhaust the spiders and lead to their demise.
Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
These spiders don't simply scurry across the sand on their many legs, like tumbling gymnasts, they propel themselves forward (or backward) in a series of quick flips.
(1) In the Sahara, near the border of Morocco and Algeria, a new species of spider, Cebrennus rechenbergi, has been found. (2) These spiders don't simply scurry across the sand on their many legs, like tumbling gymnasts, they propel themselves forward (or backward) in a series of quick flips. (3) They do this, however, only to elude predators, not to chase prey. (4) A human is thus unlikely ever to see these arachnids flipping toward him or her, only away.
(5) A spider of this species was discovered in the Erg Chebbi. (6) It is a sandy desert in southeastern Morocco. (7) A German robotics researcher who makes yearly treks to the region to study how desert creatures thrive in that climate caught one of the spiders and brought it back to his caravan.
(8) The next morning, he was amazed to see the creature try to escape by flipping itself quickly away. (9) The researcher turned the spider over to an arachnid specialist for identification.
(10) Ultimately, the spider was determined to be a member of a previously unknown species.
(11) C. rechenbergi are "huntsman spiders"—skilled predators—found only in the Erg Chebbi. (12) They are nocturnal creatures; during the day, they rest in tubes of silken thread they weave into the sand.
(13) Agile and athletic, C. rechenbergi rear up on their back legs and lash out when attacked—or it somersaults away, rolling like tumbleweed.
(14) Few spiders propel themselves as C. rechenbergi do, and none do so as comprehensively. (15) Golden rolling spiders of Namibia, for instance, can tumble, but they do so only using gravity to roll downhill.
(16) C. rechenbergi, by contrast, elude predators by rolling uphill, downhill, or on flat ground. (17) Their reproductive organs distinguish them from other Cebrennus spiders. (18) While these spiders run only 3.3 feet per second, they can tumble at 6.6 feet per second. (19) Even if this speedy escape method proves effective, however, it can be costly: tumbling away too many times a day will ultimately exhaust the spiders and lead to their demise.
Which choice most effectively combines sentences 5 and 6 (reproduced below) at the underlined portion?
A spider of this species was discovered in the Erg Chebbi. It is a sandy desert in southeastern Morocco.
(1) In the Sahara, near the border of Morocco and Algeria, a new species of spider, Cebrennus rechenbergi, has been found. (2) These spiders don't simply scurry across the sand on their many legs, like tumbling gymnasts, they propel themselves forward (or backward) in a series of quick flips. (3) They do this, however, only to elude predators, not to chase prey. (4) A human is thus unlikely ever to see these arachnids flipping toward him or her, only away.
(5) A spider of this species was discovered in the Erg Chebbi. (6) It is a sandy desert in southeastern Morocco. (7) A German robotics researcher who makes yearly treks to the region to study how desert creatures thrive in that climate caught one of the spiders and brought it back to his caravan.
(8) The next morning, he was amazed to see the creature try to escape by flipping itself quickly away. (9) The researcher turned the spider over to an arachnid specialist for identification.
(10) Ultimately, the spider was determined to be a member of a previously unknown species.
(11) C. rechenbergi are "huntsman spiders"—skilled predators—found only in the Erg Chebbi. (12) They are nocturnal creatures; during the day, they rest in tubes of silken thread they weave into the sand.
(13) Agile and athletic, C. rechenbergi rear up on their back legs and lash out when attacked—or it somersaults away, rolling like tumbleweed.
(14) Few spiders propel themselves as C. rechenbergi do, and none do so as comprehensively. (15) Golden rolling spiders of Namibia, for instance, can tumble, but they do so only using gravity to roll downhill.
(16) C. rechenbergi, by contrast, elude predators by rolling uphill, downhill, or on flat ground. (17) Their reproductive organs distinguish them from other Cebrennus spiders. (18) While these spiders run only 3.3 feet per second, they can tumble at 6.6 feet per second. (19) Even if this speedy escape method proves effective, however, it can be costly: tumbling away too many times a day will ultimately exhaust the spiders and lead to their demise.
In context, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
Ultimately, the spider was determined to be a member of a previously unknown species.
(1) In the Sahara, near the border of Morocco and Algeria, a new species of spider, Cebrennus rechenbergi, has been found. (2) These spiders don't simply scurry across the sand on their many legs, like tumbling gymnasts, they propel themselves forward (or backward) in a series of quick flips. (3) They do this, however, only to elude predators, not to chase prey. (4) A human is thus unlikely ever to see these arachnids flipping toward him or her, only away.
(5) A spider of this species was discovered in the Erg Chebbi. (6) It is a sandy desert in southeastern Morocco. (7) A German robotics researcher who makes yearly treks to the region to study how desert creatures thrive in that climate caught one of the spiders and brought it back to his caravan.
(8) The next morning, he was amazed to see the creature try to escape by flipping itself quickly away. (9) The researcher turned the spider over to an arachnid specialist for identification.
(10) Ultimately, the spider was determined to be a member of a previously unknown species.
(11) C. rechenbergi are "huntsman spiders"—skilled predators—found only in the Erg Chebbi. (12) They are nocturnal creatures; during the day, they rest in tubes of silken thread they weave into the sand.
(13) Agile and athletic, C. rechenbergi rear up on their back legs and lash out when attacked—or it somersaults away, rolling like tumbleweed.
(14) Few spiders propel themselves as C. rechenbergi do, and none do so as comprehensively. (15) Golden rolling spiders of Namibia, for instance, can tumble, but they do so only using gravity to roll downhill.
(16) C. rechenbergi, by contrast, elude predators by rolling uphill, downhill, or on flat ground. (17) Their reproductive organs distinguish them from other Cebrennus spiders. (18) While these spiders run only 3.3 feet per second, they can tumble at 6.6 feet per second. (19) Even if this speedy escape method proves effective, however, it can be costly: tumbling away too many times a day will ultimately exhaust the spiders and lead to their demise.
Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 13 (reproduced below)?
Agile and athletic, C. rechenbergi rear up on their back legs and lash out when attacked—or it somersaults away, rolling like tumbleweed.
(1) In the Sahara, near the border of Morocco and Algeria, a new species of spider, Cebrennus rechenbergi, has been found. (2) These spiders don't simply scurry across the sand on their many legs, like tumbling gymnasts, they propel themselves forward (or backward) in a series of quick flips. (3) They do this, however, only to elude predators, not to chase prey. (4) A human is thus unlikely ever to see these arachnids flipping toward him or her, only away.
(5) A spider of this species was discovered in the Erg Chebbi. (6) It is a sandy desert in southeastern Morocco. (7) A German robotics researcher who makes yearly treks to the region to study how desert creatures thrive in that climate caught one of the spiders and brought it back to his caravan.
(8) The next morning, he was amazed to see the creature try to escape by flipping itself quickly away. (9) The researcher turned the spider over to an arachnid specialist for identification.
(10) Ultimately, the spider was determined to be a member of a previously unknown species.
(11) C. rechenbergi are "huntsman spiders"—skilled predators—found only in the Erg Chebbi. (12) They are nocturnal creatures; during the day, they rest in tubes of silken thread they weave into the sand.
(13) Agile and athletic, C. rechenbergi rear up on their back legs and lash out when attacked—or it somersaults away, rolling like tumbleweed.
(14) Few spiders propel themselves as C. rechenbergi do, and none do so as comprehensively. (15) Golden rolling spiders of Namibia, for instance, can tumble, but they do so only using gravity to roll downhill.
(16) C. rechenbergi, by contrast, elude predators by rolling uphill, downhill, or on flat ground. (17) Their reproductive organs distinguish them from other Cebrennus spiders. (18) While these spiders run only 3.3 feet per second, they can tumble at 6.6 feet per second. (19) Even if this speedy escape method proves effective, however, it can be costly: tumbling away too many times a day will ultimately exhaust the spiders and lead to their demise.
Which sentence blurs the focus of the last paragraph and should therefore be deleted?
(1) Of her poetry, Lucille Clifton once said, "I write out of what I know and understand or what I wonder about." (2) From her very first volume, Good Times, she gave tribute to the people she knew best: those who had grown up in blue-collar neighborhoods where children pondered whether Daddy could pay the rent and Mama could afford to make bread but where "good times" prevailed when they could.
(3) Family, injustice, being African American and female were Clifton's enduring themes. (4) Clifton was born in Depew, New York, in 1936. (5) In her collection Quilting, the speaker in the title poem draws a parallel between a woman teaching her daughter how to quilt and the transformative powers of alchemy. (6) "Remember / this will keep us warm," she says to the girl. (7) The speaker wonders, however, whether the skills of keeping warm will one day be forgotten and people will lose sight of lessons their ancestors had taught: "do the daughters' daughters quilt?" she asks; "do the worlds continue spinning away from each other forever?"
(8) Concerned about those who are frequently excluded from the historical record, Clifton said that through poetry "I offer my presence for people who have not been able to speak until they are able to speak for themselves." (9) Her poems often bore witness to what she called "the bond of live things everywhere," a bond she evoked through seemingly simple but precisely chosen words.
(10) Clifton's powerful and innovative poems have been widely recognized and appreciated. (11) Poet Remica Bingham called Clifton a "master of economy and minimalism." (12) Of Clifton's ambitious lines, poet Kevin Young said, "There is a kind of quietude in that lowercase, but also a boldness of speech" that achieves a "powerful intimacy." (13) One of her former students, poet Elisabeth Whitehead, recalls fondly Clifton's college classroom as a place of quiet where poetry was loved and celebrated. (14) A fellow student hosted dinner for their final class, and before everyone had left that evening, Clifton had them gather and join hands.
(15) "Then we went around the circle," Whitehead recounts, "sharing an idea or a quote or passage from a poem in our last moments together."
Which is the best decision regarding the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced below)?
Family, injustice, being African American and female were Clifton's enduring themes.
(1) Of her poetry, Lucille Clifton once said, "I write out of what I know and understand or what I wonder about." (2) From her very first volume, Good Times, she gave tribute to the people she knew best: those who had grown up in blue-collar neighborhoods where children pondered whether Daddy could pay the rent and Mama could afford to make bread but where "good times" prevailed when they could.
(3) Family, injustice, being African American and female were Clifton's enduring themes. (4) Clifton was born in Depew, New York, in 1936. (5) In her collection Quilting, the speaker in the title poem draws a parallel between a woman teaching her daughter how to quilt and the transformative powers of alchemy. (6) "Remember / this will keep us warm," she says to the girl. (7) The speaker wonders, however, whether the skills of keeping warm will one day be forgotten and people will lose sight of lessons their ancestors had taught: "do the daughters' daughters quilt?" she asks; "do the worlds continue spinning away from each other forever?"
(8) Concerned about those who are frequently excluded from the historical record, Clifton said that through poetry "I offer my presence for people who have not been able to speak until they are able to speak for themselves." (9) Her poems often bore witness to what she called "the bond of live things everywhere," a bond she evoked through seemingly simple but precisely chosen words.
(10) Clifton's powerful and innovative poems have been widely recognized and appreciated. (11) Poet Remica Bingham called Clifton a "master of economy and minimalism." (12) Of Clifton's ambitious lines, poet Kevin Young said, "There is a kind of quietude in that lowercase, but also a boldness of speech" that achieves a "powerful intimacy." (13) One of her former students, poet Elisabeth Whitehead, recalls fondly Clifton's college classroom as a place of quiet where poetry was loved and celebrated. (14) A fellow student hosted dinner for their final class, and before everyone had left that evening, Clifton had them gather and join hands.
(15) "Then we went around the circle," Whitehead recounts, "sharing an idea or a quote or passage from a poem in our last moments together."
Which sentence blurs the focus of the second paragraph and should therefore be deleted?
(1) Of her poetry, Lucille Clifton once said, "I write out of what I know and understand or what I wonder about." (2) From her very first volume, Good Times, she gave tribute to the people she knew best: those who had grown up in blue-collar neighborhoods where children pondered whether Daddy could pay the rent and Mama could afford to make bread but where "good times" prevailed when they could.
(3) Family, injustice, being African American and female were Clifton's enduring themes. (4) Clifton was born in Depew, New York, in 1936. (5) In her collection Quilting, the speaker in the title poem draws a parallel between a woman teaching her daughter how to quilt and the transformative powers of alchemy. (6) "Remember / this will keep us warm," she says to the girl. (7) The speaker wonders, however, whether the skills of keeping warm will one day be forgotten and people will lose sight of lessons their ancestors had taught: "do the daughters' daughters quilt?" she asks; "do the worlds continue spinning away from each other forever?"
(8) Concerned about those who are frequently excluded from the historical record, Clifton said that through poetry "I offer my presence for people who have not been able to speak until they are able to speak for themselves." (9) Her poems often bore witness to what she called "the bond of live things everywhere," a bond she evoked through seemingly simple but precisely chosen words.
(10) Clifton's powerful and innovative poems have been widely recognized and appreciated. (11) Poet Remica Bingham called Clifton a "master of economy and minimalism." (12) Of Clifton's ambitious lines, poet Kevin Young said, "There is a kind of quietude in that lowercase, but also a boldness of speech" that achieves a "powerful intimacy." (13) One of her former students, poet Elisabeth Whitehead, recalls fondly Clifton's college classroom as a place of quiet where poetry was loved and celebrated. (14) A fellow student hosted dinner for their final class, and before everyone had left that evening, Clifton had them gather and join hands.
(15) "Then we went around the circle," Whitehead recounts, "sharing an idea or a quote or passage from a poem in our last moments together."
Which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below)?
Her poems often bore witness to what she called "the bond of live things everywhere," a bond she evoked through seemingly simple but precisely chosen words.
(1) Of her poetry, Lucille Clifton once said, "I write out of what I know and understand or what I wonder about." (2) From her very first volume, Good Times, she gave tribute to the people she knew best: those who had grown up in blue-collar neighborhoods where children pondered whether Daddy could pay the rent and Mama could afford to make bread but where "good times" prevailed when they could.
(3) Family, injustice, being African American and female were Clifton's enduring themes. (4) Clifton was born in Depew, New York, in 1936. (5) In her collection Quilting, the speaker in the title poem draws a parallel between a woman teaching her daughter how to quilt and the transformative powers of alchemy. (6) "Remember / this will keep us warm," she says to the girl. (7) The speaker wonders, however, whether the skills of keeping warm will one day be forgotten and people will lose sight of lessons their ancestors had taught: "do the daughters' daughters quilt?" she asks; "do the worlds continue spinning away from each other forever?"
(8) Concerned about those who are frequently excluded from the historical record, Clifton said that through poetry "I offer my presence for people who have not been able to speak until they are able to speak for themselves." (9) Her poems often bore witness to what she called "the bond of live things everywhere," a bond she evoked through seemingly simple but precisely chosen words.
(10) Clifton's powerful and innovative poems have been widely recognized and appreciated. (11) Poet Remica Bingham called Clifton a "master of economy and minimalism." (12) Of Clifton's ambitious lines, poet Kevin Young said, "There is a kind of quietude in that lowercase, but also a boldness of speech" that achieves a "powerful intimacy." (13) One of her former students, poet Elisabeth Whitehead, recalls fondly Clifton's college classroom as a place of quiet where poetry was loved and celebrated. (14) A fellow student hosted dinner for their final class, and before everyone had left that evening, Clifton had them gather and join hands.
(15) "Then we went around the circle," Whitehead recounts, "sharing an idea or a quote or passage from a poem in our last moments together."
Which version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below) provides the most effective introduction to the last paragraph?
Clifton's powerful and innovative poems have been widely recognized and appreciated.
(1) Of her poetry, Lucille Clifton once said, "I write out of what I know and understand or what I wonder about." (2) From her very first volume, Good Times, she gave tribute to the people she knew best: those who had grown up in blue-collar neighborhoods where children pondered whether Daddy could pay the rent and Mama could afford to make bread but where "good times" prevailed when they could.
(3) Family, injustice, being African American and female were Clifton's enduring themes. (4) Clifton was born in Depew, New York, in 1936. (5) In her collection Quilting, the speaker in the title poem draws a parallel between a woman teaching her daughter how to quilt and the transformative powers of alchemy. (6) "Remember / this will keep us warm," she says to the girl. (7) The speaker wonders, however, whether the skills of keeping warm will one day be forgotten and people will lose sight of lessons their ancestors had taught: "do the daughters' daughters quilt?" she asks; "do the worlds continue spinning away from each other forever?"
(8) Concerned about those who are frequently excluded from the historical record, Clifton said that through poetry "I offer my presence for people who have not been able to speak until they are able to speak for themselves." (9) Her poems often bore witness to what she called "the bond of live things everywhere," a bond she evoked through seemingly simple but precisely chosen words.
(10) Clifton's powerful and innovative poems have been widely recognized and appreciated. (11) Poet Remica Bingham called Clifton a "master of economy and minimalism." (12) Of Clifton's ambitious lines, poet Kevin Young said, "There is a kind of quietude in that lowercase, but also a boldness of speech" that achieves a "powerful intimacy." (13) One of her former students, poet Elisabeth Whitehead, recalls fondly Clifton's college classroom as a place of quiet where poetry was loved and celebrated. (14) A fellow student hosted dinner for their final class, and before everyone had left that evening, Clifton had them gather and join hands.
(15) "Then we went around the circle," Whitehead recounts, "sharing an idea or a quote or passage from a poem in our last moments together."
In sentence 12 (reproduced below), the writer wants to echo Bingham's observation from sentence 11. Which version of the underlined portion best accomplishes that goal?
Of Clifton's ambitious lines, poet Kevin Young said, "There is a kind of quietude in that lowercase, but also a boldness of speech" that achieves a "powerful intimacy."